Industry News

Experience summary of 3 ways to protect LED circuit

2022-08-01
1. Use a fuse (tube) to protect the LED circuit

    Because the fuse is one-time, and the response speed is slow, the effect is poor, and the use is troublesome, so the fuse is not suitable for use in the finished LED lamp, because the LED lamp is now mainly used in the city's glorious project and lighting project. It requires the LED protection circuit to be very demanding: the protection can be activated immediately when the normal use current is exceeded, the power supply path of the LED is disconnected, so that the LED and the power supply can be protected, and the power supply can be automatically restored after the entire lamp is normal. Does not affect the LED work. The circuit cannot be too complicated, not too big, and the cost is low. Therefore, it is very difficult to implement using a fuse.

    2. Use transient voltage suppression diode (TVS for short)

    Transient voltage suppression diode is a high-efficiency protection device in the form of a diode. When its two poles are impacted by reverse transient high-energy, it can reduce the high resistance between its two poles to low resistance immediately at a speed of 10 minus 12th power in a very short time, and absorb up to several kilowatts of surge power. , Clamp the voltage between the two poles to a predetermined voltage value, which effectively protects the precision components in the electronic circuit. Transient voltage suppression diodes have the advantages of fast response time, large transient power, low leakage current, good uniformity of breakdown voltage deviation, easier control of the clamping element voltage, no damage limit, and small size.

    However, it is not easy to find TVS devices that meet the required voltage value in actual use. The damage of the LED light beads is mainly caused by the overheating of the chip inside the chip due to excessive current. TVS can only detect overvoltage but not overcurrent. It is difficult to choose a suitable voltage protection point, and this kind of device cannot be produced and is difficult to use in practice.

    3. Choose a self-recovery fuse

    Self-recovery fuse, also known as polymer positive temperature thermistor PTC, is composed of polymer and conductive particles. After special processing, the conductive particles form a chain-like conductive path in the polymer. When the normal working current passes (or the component is at normal ambient temperature), the PTC resettable fuse is in a low resistance state; when there is an abnormal overcurrent in the circuit (or the ambient temperature rises), the large current (or the ambient temperature rises) The generated heat causes the polymer to expand rapidly, which cuts off the conductive path formed by the conductive particles. The PTC resettable fuse is in a high resistance state; when the overcurrent (over-temperature state) in the circuit disappears, the polymer cools and the volume recovers Normally, the conductive particles re-constitute the conductive path, and the PTC resettable fuse is in the initial low resistance state. In the normal working state, the self-recoverable fuse has very little heat, and in the abnormal working state, its heat is very high and the resistance value is large, which limits the current passing through it, thereby playing a protective role. In the specific circuit, you can choose:

    ①Shunt protection. Generally, LED lights are divided into many branches connected in series. We can add a PTC component in front of each branch for protection. The advantage of this method is high security and good protection reliability.

    ② Overall protection. A PTC component is added in front of all the light beads to protect the whole lamp. The advantage of this method is simple and does not take up volume. For civilian products, the results of this protection in actual use are still satisfactory.
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